Respiratory cancers (lung, bronchus, trachea, larynx).Limited/suggestive evidence of an association : Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including hairy cell leukemia and other chronic B-cell leukemias.
Va list iar c update#
In addition, the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) linked exposure to Agent Orange (and some other herbicides) to certain cancers and cancer precursors in its most recent report, titled Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018): To learn more about how these organizations study and classify cancer causes, see Known and Probable Human Carcinogens and Does This Cause Cancer? US National Toxicology Program (NTP): The NTP has classified one chemical in Agent Orange (dioxin) as “known to be a human carcinogen.”.International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): IARC has classified one of the chemicals in Agent Orange (dioxin) as “known to be carcinogenic to humans.”.Based on current research, some of these organizations have made the following determinations: In general, the American Cancer Society does not determine if something causes cancer (that is, if it is a carcinogen), but we do look to other respected organizations for help with this. One of the challenges in assessing the health effects of Agent Orange exposure has been trying to determine how much any individual was exposed to (or even what they were exposed to), as very little information of this type is available. Exposure may have been possible through the eyes or through breaks in the skin, as well. Exposures could have occurred when the chemicals were breathed in, ingested in contaminated food or drinks, or absorbed through the skin. Many of these veterans, as well as other people in the area, were exposed to Agent Orange during this time.Įxposure to Agent Orange varied a great deal.
About 3 million Americans served in the armed forces in Vietnam and nearby areas during the time of the Vietnam War. It was used as a defoliant to remove tree cover, destroy crops, and clear vegetation from the perimeters of US bases. This is the approach I use in my vsnprintf implementation to call other functions from it for formatting.Agent Orange was a mixture of plant-killing chemicals (herbicides) used during the Vietnam War. As the address of an array is the same as the address of the first element of the array, passing a pointer to the va_list will segfault upon calling va_arg with that pointer to va_list as an argument.Ī way to get around this is by receiving the va_list as an unconventional argument name (usually suffixed with one or more underscores) and then creating a new local va_list, like so: #include The standard allows this, however, on some 64-bit platforms where va_list is an array type, this does not work. It is permitted to create a pointer to a va_list and pass that pointer to another function, in which case the original function may make further use of the original list after the other function returns. You should pass a pointer to a va_list if you want to use it in a subfunction and then not have to immediately pass it to va_end afterwards.
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